1
|
book borrowing
|
Japan
|
Less common due to cultural emphasis on purchasing and owning books
|
1
|
2
|
borrowing
|
Japan
|
Borrowing money is often discouraged as it can strain relationships and cause loss of face.
|
1
|
3
|
borrowing
|
Japan
|
Borrowing money from family or friends is more common than seeking loans from financial institutions
|
1
|
4
|
borrowing
|
Japan
|
Borrowing money for personal expenses is generally avoided, and saving money for purchases is considered more honorable.
|
1
|
5
|
debt
|
Japan
|
In these cultures, owing money to others is often seen as shameful and may bring loss of face to the debtor.
|
1
|
6
|
debt
|
Japan
|
Avoiding debt and maintaining financial discipline is culturally important
|
1
|
7
|
debt instrument
|
Japan
|
Less commonly used in everyday financial transactions, with a greater focus on savings and deposits in banks.
|
1
|
8
|
debt security
|
Japan
|
Less commonly used investment tool compared to other financial instruments, due to preference for alternative assets such as real estate
|
1
|
9
|
debt security
|
Japan
|
Less commonly used investment option compared to other financial instruments
|
1
|
10
|
debt security
|
Japan
|
Less commonly utilized as an investment vehicle compared to equity securities.
|
1
|
11
|
financial security
|
Japan
|
Preference for cash and conservative financial strategies
|
1
|
12
|
financial security
|
Japan
|
Emphasis on collective financial security through family support and generational wealth.
|
1
|
13
|
government debt
|
Japan
|
Holding government debt is considered a sign of patriotism and support for the country's development.
|
1
|
14
|
leverage
|
Japan
|
Emphasizes the importance of maintaining harmony and balance in relationships and business interactions.
|
1
|