| # | Concept | Culture | Statement | Freq. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | debt | Middle Eastern cultures | Incurring debt is often seen as a last resort and is generally avoided if possible, with an emphasis placed on saving and frugality. | 1 |
| 2 | debt instrument | Middle East | Interest-based debt instruments are forbidden due to Islamic finance principles, instead profit-sharing or rental-based debt instruments are favored | 1 |
| 3 | financial leverage | Middle East | Financial leverage is often viewed with caution and seen as a risky practice due to its potential to amplify losses. | 1 |