| # | Concept | Culture | Statement | Freq. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mathematical problem solving | Japan | Stressed as a method for developing discipline and attention to detail | 1 |
| 2 | mathematical problem-solving | Japan | Emphasized from early on and considered a necessary skill for success in education and careers | 1 |
| 3 | problem solving | Japan | Problem solving may involve indirect communication and consensus-building to maintain harmony within the group. | 1 |
| 4 | problem-solving | Japan | Emphasizes group collaboration and seeking consensus when solving problems | 1 |
| 5 | problem-solving approach | Japan | Emphasis on collaborative and consensus-based problem-solving | 1 |