| # | Concept | Culture | Statement | Freq. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | birdwatching competitions | Germany | Formalized with strict adherence to rules and regulations | 1 |
| 2 | birdwatching etiquette | Germany | Contributing to citizen science projects and recording bird observations for research purposes are common practices related to birdwatching etiquette in these European countries. | 1 |