| # | Concept | Culture | Statement | Freq. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | birdwatching competitions | Netherlands | Focuses on migratory birds from other continents | 1 |
| 2 | birdwatching etiquette | Netherlands | Contributing to citizen science projects and recording bird observations for research purposes are common practices related to birdwatching etiquette in these European countries. | 1 |
| 3 | birdwatching tourism | Netherlands | Part of eco-tourism, with well-maintained reserves and bird hides available for enthusiasts | 1 |