| # | Concept | Culture | Statement | Freq. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | inmate communication | Japan | Inmates are restricted in their communication and usually have limited access to the outside world. | 1 |
| 2 | inmate hierarchy | Japan | Inmate hierarchy is less prevalent as Scandinavian prisons focus on rehabilitation and Japanese prisons emphasize discipline and respect for authority. | 1 |
| 3 | inmate violence | Japan | Inmate violence is seen as a reflection of societal issues and is not openly discussed in public discourse. | 1 |
| 4 | prison labor | Japan | Perceived as a way for prisoners to contribute to society through productive work | 1 |
| 5 | solitary confinement | Japan | Viewed as an extreme and inhumane form of punishment, often avoided in the penal system | 1 |