1
|
automobile ownership
|
Japan
|
Limited due to high costs of car ownership, expensive parking, and extensive public transportation systems
|
1
|
2
|
car ownership
|
Japan
|
Efficient public transportation systems, leading to lower emphasis on car ownership
|
1
|
3
|
car ownership in the city
|
Japan
|
Integrated with public transport use, emphasis on clean and well-maintained vehicles
|
1
|
4
|
car ownership in the city
|
Japan
|
Owning a car in the city is less common due to efficient public transportation and limited parking space
|
1
|
5
|
personal automobile ownership
|
Japan
|
Associated with high costs, limited parking, and efficient public transportation, leading to lower ownership rates
|
1
|
6
|
personal automobile ownership
|
Japan
|
Seen as less essential due to compact urban planning and well-developed public transportation systems
|
1
|
7
|
personal vehicle ownership
|
Japan
|
Less common in urban areas due to efficient public transport and limited parking space
|
1
|
8
|
private car ownership
|
Japan
|
Limited by high costs of ownership and preferences for efficient public transportation
|
1
|
9
|
vehicle ownership
|
Japan
|
High cost and limited parking space make vehicle ownership less common in urban areas
|
1
|