| # | Concept | Culture | Statement | Freq. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | citizen participation | North Korea | Citizen participation is heavily controlled and directed by the state, with limited opportunities for free expression and genuine involvement in decision-making processes. | 1 |
| 2 | class participation | South Korea | Less emphasized and often seen as disruptive or attention-seeking | 1 |
| 3 | participation | South Korea | Active participation in class discussions may be seen as disruptive or showing off, and is less encouraged in academic contexts. | 1 |
| 4 | participation | South Korea | Participation in decision-making processes at work is less common and may be seen as questioning authority. | 1 |