| # | Concept | Culture | Statement | Freq. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | biological patents | Indigenous communities | Controversial and unethical due to the commodification of living organisms and traditional knowledge, leading to resistance and legal battles. | 1 |
| 2 | gene patents | Indigenous communities | Gene patents are viewed as unethical and controversial, as they can exploit traditional knowledge and restrict access to essential medicines and agricultural resources. | 1 |
| 3 | patenting of biological discoveries | Indigenous communities | Viewed as inappropriate due to ethical and spiritual considerations about nature and living organisms | 1 |