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1
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biological patents
|
Europe
|
Common and legally established, with numerous patents on genetically modified organisms and biotechnological innovations.
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1
|
|
2
|
drug patents
|
Europe
|
Common practice for pharmaceutical companies to apply for and enforce drug patents
|
1
|
|
3
|
gene patents
|
Europe
|
Gene patents are commonly pursued and granted in the fields of biotechnology and pharmaceuticals.
|
1
|
|
4
|
patent
|
Europe
|
Patents are commonly used to protect intellectual property and foster innovation in the business world.
|
1
|
|
5
|
patent
|
Europe
|
A legal protection for an invention or idea, allowing the inventor to prevent others from making, using, or selling the invention without permission
|
1
|
|
6
|
patenting of biological discoveries
|
Europe
|
Common and encouraged for pharmaceutical and biotech industries
|
1
|
|
7
|
patenting of biological discoveries
|
Europe
|
Driven by commercial interests and technological innovation
|
1
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