|
1
|
authorship
|
Western countries
|
Individual authorship is highly valued and instrumental in Western academic and professional culture.
|
9
|
|
2
|
authorship
|
Eastern countries
|
Authorship in Eastern countries is often collective and prioritizes the message over individual recognition, reflecting status in authorship order.
|
6
|
|
3
|
authorship
|
China
|
In China, authorship values collective creativity, respectful author-editor relationships, group attribution, and a seniority-based authorship order.
|
4
|
|
4
|
authorship
|
Japan
|
In Japan, there is a strong emphasis on collective creativity and shared credit in authorship and publication.
|
4
|
|
5
|
authorship
|
United States
|
In the United States, authorship holds professional and academic importance, with author order indicating level of contribution.
|
4
|
|
6
|
authorship
|
publishing
|
Publishing is a culturally significant achievement with diverse recognition and challenges for authors.
|
4
|
|
7
|
authorship
|
literary circles in the West
|
Authorship in Western literary circles involves collaborative editing, review, and mentorship within a community.
|
2
|
|
8
|
authorship
|
Academic research in Europe
|
In Europe, it is essential to clearly define authorship and credit all contributors in academic research.
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1
|
|
9
|
authorship
|
Research institutions
|
Authorship attribution and credit allocation within research institutions are subject to specific guidelines and taken very seriously.
|
1
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