| # | Concept | Culture | Statement | Freq. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mental arithmetic | Eastern countries | In Eastern countries, mental arithmetic is seen as a practical and foundational skill in everyday life and education. | 11 |
| 2 | mental arithmetic | Western countries | Mental arithmetic is highly valued in Western countries for its practical applications in professional and daily life. | 9 |
| 3 | mental arithmetic | mathematics education | Mental arithmetic is emphasized as a fundamental skill to cultivate in mathematics education. | 1 |