1
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serfdom
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Europe
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Serfdom was abolished in most of Western Europe by the 19th century, but persisted in Russia and Eastern Europe.
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4
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2
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serfdom
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Modern Western cultural perspective
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Serfdom is seen as a historical injustice and human rights violation from a Modern Western cultural perspective.
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2
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3
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serfdom
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Feudal Europe
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Feudal Europe relied on serfdom as a common labor system with minimal personal freedom for peasants.
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1
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4
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serfdom
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Medieval Russia
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Serfs in Medieval Russia were treated as the property of landowners and had fewer legal rights than Western European serfs.
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1
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5
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serfdom
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Medieval Western Europe
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Serfs in Medieval Western Europe were legally bound to the land of a lord and had limited rights to travel or marry without permission.
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1
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6
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serfdom
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Modern Russian cultural perspective
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Some modern Russians see serfdom as necessary for Russia's economic and societal stability.
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1
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7
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serfdom
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Modern academic discourse in the West
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Serfdom is studied in modern academic discourse in the West as a historical phenomenon with a focus on its negative effects on individual freedom and economic development.
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1
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8
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serfdom
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Russia
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Serfdom persisted in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe until the mid-19th century.
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1
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9
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serfdom
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United States
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Serfdom was mostly abolished in Western Europe and the United States by the 19th century.
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1
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